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Teachers Activity links ____________________ Grammar advanced intermediate beginning ____________________ Reading abridged stories paraphrasing ____________________ Writing essay skills verb choice end focus ____________________ Listening Speaking Teaching Vowels s- endings note-taking skills ____________________ more to come... ____________________ created and maintained by Douglas E. Adams		Reduced Adverb Clauses page 4 Reducing Active Adverb Clauses: When reducing active clauses there are three things to keep in mind: Active clauses reduce to the ing form. [looks like a gerund] Whatever word occupies the space right after the subordinator has to have the same meaning as the word that begins the independent clause. [In most cases this means the subject of the dependent clause = the subject of the independent clause. However, if the independent clause is passive, then it will = the object.] Not all adverb clause subordinators can be reduced. Not all adverb clauses can be reduced: [ List of ones that can be reduced] Most adverb clause subordinators can be reduced, but there are some that can't. The most noticeable case are the reason subordinators. They become prepositions.    For example:     Because he eats like a pig, sometimes Tom doesn't notice what he's eating.                         DC                                        IC If we reduce this clause to its gerund form following the normal process, we end up with a form that clearly isn't correct.    For example:     Because eating like a pig, sometimes Tom doesn't notice what he's eating.                         DC                                        IC The correct way to handle because is to change it to the preposition: because of    For example:     Because of eating like a pig, sometimes Tom doesn't notice what he's eating. or...     Because of an appetite like a pig, sometimes Tom doesn't notice what he's eating. *Note that "eating" and "an appetite like a pig" are preposition objects. Next...common preposition forms...or... Go on to...Reduced Passive Clauses

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